{"id":138,"date":"2018-10-23T12:00:09","date_gmt":"2018-10-23T10:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/oprotect.com\/blog\/?p=138"},"modified":"2019-07-15T15:03:51","modified_gmt":"2019-07-15T13:03:51","slug":"le-modele-de-securite-israelien-un-modele-adapte-pour-la-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oprotect.com\/blog\/le-modele-de-securite-israelien-un-modele-adapte-pour-la-france\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise, l’impossible adaptation au mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Apr\u00e8s la vague d\u2019attentat subie entre 2015 et 2017, la question d\u2019adopter le mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lien en France revient souvent. Mais le mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien<\/a> est-il vraiment un mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la France\u00a0?<\/h5>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Un mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 potentiellement adapt\u00e9 aux risques terroristes fran\u00e7ais<\/h3>\n

Le mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lien semble adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la situation fran\u00e7aise.\u00a0 On observe en effet une \u00e9volution des risques terroristes presque similaire entre les deux pays.<\/p>\n

Les attaques terroristes auxquelles Isra\u00ebl a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 ses derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ont vu leur mode op\u00e9ratoire \u00e9voluer constamment, selon David Khalfa, chercheur associ\u00e9 du think-tank IPSE. Dans les ann\u00e9es 70, il y avait des attaques de fedayin (combattant palestinien). Puis les ann\u00e9es 90 et les accords d\u2019Oslo ont vu \u00e9clore les attentats-suicides. Les ann\u00e9es 2000 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre des intifada puis des attaques \u00e0 la roquette et aux missiles du Hamas et du Hezbollah. Aujourd\u2019hui, on observe une recrudescence des attaques \u00e0 la voiture-b\u00e9lier et au couteau.<\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9volution n\u2019est pas la m\u00eame en France, mais elle s\u2019en rapproche. Dans les ann\u00e9es 90, des attaques \u00e0 la bombe ont eu lieu, puis des attaques kamikaze (attentats du stade de France\u2026), des attaques \u00e0 l\u2019arme automatique (attentats de Paris, terrasses de caf\u00e9), jusqu\u2019\u00e0 des attaques au camion-b\u00e9lier (Nice 2016) et au couteau (\u00e0 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray). Cette similitude entre les \u00e9volutions des modes op\u00e9ratoires des attaques pousse \u00e0 imiter le mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mais un mod\u00e8le qui est difficilement adaptable en France<\/h3>\n

Si le mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien semble convenir \u00e0 la menace terroriste en France de nombreux experts pr\u00e9viennent que ce mod\u00e8le rencontrerait de nombreuses limites en France. C\u2019est le cas de Claude Moniquet, ancien agent de la DGSE.<\/p>\n

Selon lui, on pourrait adopter certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments du mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien. On pourrait notamment s\u2019inspirer de leur utilisation des technologies et du big data pour d\u00e9celer une radicalisation. Pour Fran\u00e7ois Heisbourg, on pourrait aussi observer comment les isra\u00e9liens g\u00e8rent l\u00e9galement le retour au pays de ressortissants isra\u00e9liens engag\u00e9s dans une organisation terroriste. Mais selon eux, en aucun cas nous ne devrions adopter enti\u00e8rement le mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien. La raison est simple\u00a0: Isra\u00ebl et la France n\u2019\u00e9voluent pas dans le m\u00eame contexte.<\/p>\n

D\u2019abord, \u00ab\u00a0les deux pays sont compl\u00e8tement diff\u00e9rents, par leur taille et par la cause des attaques\u00a0\u00bb selon Claude Moniquet. En effet, les attaques terroristes ont une origine politico-religieuse en Isra\u00ebl (issue du conflit isra\u00e9lo-palestinien) et s’inscrivent dans un contexte de guerre. Alors que les attaques en France rel\u00e8vent plus d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0mix de probl\u00e8mes sociaux et globaux\u00a0\u00bb toujours selon Claude Moniquet. Ensuite, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s isra\u00e9liennes et fran\u00e7aises sont fondamentalement diff\u00e9rentes. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 isra\u00e9lienne, confront\u00e9e au conflit isra\u00e9lo-palestinien depuis 70 ans, est tr\u00e8s r\u00e9siliante et joue un v\u00e9ritable r\u00f4le dans le mod\u00e8le s\u00e9curitaire. Une grande majorit\u00e9 des habitants a fait 3 ans de service militaire et est capable d\u2019intervenir lors d\u2019une attaque. Le port d\u2019arme est d\u2019ailleurs autoris\u00e9. En France, la situation est diff\u00e9rente. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n\u2019a pas ce rapport tr\u00e8s pratique et direct avec la lutte anti-terroriste.<\/p>\n

Le mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien est plut\u00f4t un “laboratoire”<\/h3>\n

Ainsi, selon les experts, il faudrait s\u2019inspirer du mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien. Mais en aucun cas, il faudrait croire \u00e0 l\u2019utopie qu\u2019il est adaptable \u00e0 la France dans son enti\u00e8ret\u00e9. Yossi Kuperwasser, chercheur associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Institut National de Contre-Terrorisme, r\u00e9sume tr\u00e8s bien la situation. Isra\u00ebl n\u2019est pas un \u00ab\u00a0mod\u00e8le\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est un \u00ab\u00a0laboratoire\u00a0\u00bb dont peuvent s\u2019inspirer les politiques fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s la vague d\u2019attentat subie entre 2015 et 2017, la question d\u2019adopter le mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lien en France revient souvent. Mais le mod\u00e8le isra\u00e9lien est-il vraiment un mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la France\u00a0? \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Un mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 potentiellement adapt\u00e9 aux risques terroristes fran\u00e7ais Le mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lien semble adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la … <\/p>\n

Read More Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lien est-il adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la France ? Blog Oprotect<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il se dit de plus en plus que la France doit s'inspirer du mod\u00e8le de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lien. 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